Yersinia pestis: Looking back 4000 years

 Source - Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2555007

For how long has humanity lived with plague? Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute have identified three 4,000-year-old British cases of Yersinia pestis, the bacterium causing the plague. This is the oldest evidence of the plague in Britain to date.

 

The scientists identified two cases of Y. pestis in human remains found in a mass burial in Charterhouse Warren in Somerset and one in a ring cairn monument in Levens in Cumbria.

 

Taking small skeletal samples from 34 individuals across the two sites, the researchers screened them for the presence of Y. pestis in samples of teeth. This required the researchers to drill into the tooth and extract dental pulp, which can trap DNA remnants of infectious diseases.

 

 

The scientists next analysed the DNA and identified three cases of Y. pestis in two children estimated to be aged between 10-12 years old when they died, and one woman aged between 35-45. Radiocarbon dating was used to show that the three people lived at roughly the same time.

 

The plague has previously been identified in several individuals from Eurasia between 5,000 and 2,500 years ago, a period spanning the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age. However, the disease had not been seen before in Britain at this point in time.

 

This strain of the plague -- the LNBA lineage -- was likely brought into Central and Western Europe around 4,800 years ago by humans expanding into Eurasia (and now it seems, Britain). By using genome sequencing, the researchers showed that this strain of the Yersinia looks very similar to the strain identified in Eurasia at the same time. In particular the organisms identified each lacked the yapC and ymt genes, which are seen in later strains of plague, the latter of which is known to play an important role in plague transmission via fleas.

 

This information has previously suggested that this strain of the plague was not transmitted via fleas, unlike later plague strains such as the one that caused the Black Death.

 

These genomes can inform scientists about the spread and evolutionary changes of pathogens in the past to hopefully help them to understand which genes may be important in the spread of infectious diseases today.

 

See:

 

Pooja Swali, Rick Schulting, Alexandre Gilardet, et al. Yersinia pestis genomes reveal plague in Britain 4000 years ago. Nature Communications, 2023; 14 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38393-w

 

Posted by Dr. Tim Sandle, Pharmaceutical Microbiology Resources (http://www.pharmamicroresources.com/)

Tips to Selecting the Right Vitamin Gummies for You

 

As we all know, vitamins are essential nutrients that our bodies require for normal growth, development, and maintenance of good health. While some people prefer to take vitamins in the form of pills or supplements, others love the sweet taste and easy-to-chew texture of vitamin gummies. The truth is, vitamin gummies can be a great addition to your daily routine, but it's crucial to choose the right gummies, from the right providers such as LIVS Gummies and others to obtain the most significant benefit. In this article, we will explore several tips to help you select the right vitamin gummies for your health and wellness needs. 

By Hannah Whittenly

Check the Ingredients



When choosing the right vitamin gummies, it is always essential to read the label carefully and look for the ingredients used in making the product. You need to ensure that the product does not contain any harmful or allergy-triggering ingredients. Additionally, look for gummies that contain natural sweeteners like fructose instead of artificial sweeteners like corn syrup. Besides, choose gummies that are free of gluten, gelatin, and any other additives, preservatives, and artificial colors.


 

Consider Your Age and Gender



The vitamin needs of your body depend on various factors, including your sex and age. For instance, women require more iron than men, and pregnant ladies need more folic acid than non-pregnant women. Therefore, it is crucial to choose gummies formulated to meet the varying nutritional needs of men, women, and children.


Choose Gummies with Appropriate Potency of Vitamins



When it comes to selecting vitamin gummies for your health, you need to consider the potency of vitamins in the product. It is always vital to choose gummies that provide the right amount of vitamins that your body needs. For instance, if you have a deficiency in vitamin D, look for gummies with a high concentration of vitamin D. Note that while vitamin gummies provide the necessary vitamins, they also contain sugar, so it would be best to consume them in moderation not to exceed your recommended daily sugar intake.


Research the Manufacturer's Reputation



Another crucial consideration when selecting vitamin gummies for your health is the reputation of the manufacturing company. It is always essential to purchase products from a credible and reputable manufacturer who adheres to stringent quality control measures. By doing so, you can be sure that the gummies you are taking are safe, effective, and free of impurities.


A Balanced Diet



It would help if you did not solely rely on vitamin gummies to meet your daily nutritional requirements. Instead, incorporate a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins. Consult with your healthcare provider about the right vitamin supplement for you. A combination of a healthy diet and the right vitamin supplement will ensure you are getting the most of your vitamin regimen.



In conclusion, vitamin gummies can be a delicious and convenient way to supplement your daily vitamin needs. However, it is essential to choose the right gummies to benefit from them fully. Before purchasing vitamin gummies, always read the label, research the manufacturer's reputation, and ensure that the product's formulation aligns with your specific needs. By following these tips, you can make an informed decision and select the right vitamin gummies that are tailored to your health and wellness journey.Pharmaceutical Microbiology Resources (http://www.pharmamicroresources.com/)

Revolutionizing Cell Growth: Innovative Cell Proliferation Kits

 

Research Nester published a report titled “Cell Proliferation Kit Market: Global Demand Analysis & Opportunity Outlook 2035” which delivers detailed overview of theglobalcell proliferation kit market in terms of market segmentation by method, application, and by region. 

 

By Vijeta Tikkiwal

Further, for the in-depth analysis, the report encompasses the industry growth indicators, restraints, supply and demand risk, along with detailed discussion on current and future market trends that are associated with the growth of the market.

The global cell proliferation kit market is estimated to occupy a large amount of revenue by growing at a CAGR of 12% during the forecast period, i.e., 2023 – 2035, ascribing to the growing number of patients diagnosed with cancer, and ongoing R&D activities associated with effective treatment of tumors. Along with this, growing awareness associated with early assessment of viable cell count, and upsurge in the demand for cytotoxic drugs across the globe are also expected to accelerate the growth of the market in the forthcoming years.

The market is segmented by method and application. Based on method, the colorimetry segment is anticipated to acquire the largest share during the forecast period on the back of the excellent cost-effectiveness and easy retrieval of throughput data offered by this method of detecting cell viability. Additionally, by application, the clinical segment is projected to grab the largest share over the forecast period attributing to the growing utilization of these kits by healthcare professionals for conducting accurate cell cycle analysis of cancer patients across the globe.

Geographically, the global cell proliferation kit market is segmented into five major regions, namely North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East & Africa. Asia Pacific is evaluated to witness noteworthy growth in the market during the forecast period, which can be attributed to the surging prevalence of cancer in the region. In addition, escalating advancements in the healthcare infrastructure is also predicted to boost the market growth in the region. Moreover, the market in North America is assessed to acquire the largest share over the forecast period ascribing to the high healthcare spending in the region.

The research is global in nature and covers detailed analysis on the market in North America (U.S., Canada), Europe (U.K., Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Hungary, Belgium, Netherlands & Luxembourg, NORDIC [Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark], Poland, Turkey, Russia, Rest of Europe), Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Rest of Latin America), Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, Rest of Asia-Pacific), Middle East and Africa (Israel, GCC [Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman], North Africa, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa). In addition, analysis comprising market size, Y-O-Y growth & opportunity analysis, market players’ competitive study, investment opportunities, demand for future outlook etc. has also been covered and displayed in the research report.

Surge in the Number of Patients Diagnosed with Cancer Worldwide to Boost Market Growth

With the rise in the total number of cancer cases across the globe, cell proliferation kits are gaining traction in the clinical diagnosis of cancer in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. These are widely being used for investigational studies of cell activation, assessing cytotoxicity & clinically for determining the therapeutic efficacy. This in turn is predicted to drive the market growth significantly in the near future.

However, lack of skilled medical professionals in lower economic regions is expected to operate as key restraint to the growth of the global cell proliferation kit market over the forecast period.

This report also provides the existing competitive scenario of some of the key players of the global cell proliferation kit market which includes company profiling of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Merck KGaA, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Becton, Dickinson and Company, General Electric Company, PerkinElmer Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Biotium, Inc., Mindray Medical International Limited, Biological Industries, and others. The profiling enfolds key information of the companies which encompasses business overview, products and services, key financials and recent news and developments. On the whole, the report depicts detailed overview of the global cell proliferation kit market that will help industry consultants, equipment manufacturers, existing players searching for expansion opportunities, new players searching possibilities and other stakeholders to align their market centric strategies according to the ongoing and expected trends in the future.

Research Nester is a leading service provider for strategic market research and consulting. We aim to provide unbiased, unparalleled market insights and industry analysis to help industries, conglomerates and executives to take wise decisions for their future marketing strategy, expansion and investment etc. We believe every business can expand to its new horizon, provided a right guidance at a right time is available through strategic minds. Our out of box thinking helps our clients to take wise decision in order to avoid future uncertainties.

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Pharmaceutical Microbiology Resources (http://www.pharmamicroresources.com/)