Oncology clinical
trials are indispensable in moving new cancer treatments from the laboratory to
everyday patient care. There are numerous ways in which oncology trials advance
innovation in cancer interventions. Continue reading as we highlight five ways
clinical trials make an impact, including the effectiveness and efficiency of
clinical research, successful patient engagement strategies, contribution to
social value, pharmacovigilance to improve drug safety, and research
collaborations to tackle oncology research challenges.
By Tamanna Bhardwaj
What are
Oncology Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are
vital in moving new cancer treatments from the lab through the different phases
of clinical research and eventually to everyday patient care. Oncology clinical
trials evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new interventions, including
new medications, treatment combinations, surgery or radiation therapy
approaches, or methods, e.g., gene therapy and precision oncology. Diverse
patient populations from various cancer types and stages enroll in oncology
trials, adhering to study protocols that document treatment outcomes and
potential adverse effects (AEs).
The rising global
cancer burden underlines the pivotal role of oncology clinical trials in
discovering interventions to address the unmet medical needs of patients with
cancer. In addition, findings from oncology clinical trials help steer cancer
care toward more effective and personalized solutions.
Value of
Oncology Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are
essential as they contribute to the knowledge of advancing cancer medications,
answer critical scientific questions, and suggest future research directions.
Patients who participate in trials can access high-quality cancer care and treatment(s).
In contrast to when clinical trials were seen as a last resort, patients today
increasingly choose to participate in clinical trials to receive their first
treatment.
Global Oncology
Clinical Trial Market
Oncology CROs (Contract Research
Organizations) play a fundamental role in developing cancer treatments. The
extensive involvement of CROs can span from the initial stages of research to
the complex and rigorous final stages of oncology clinical trials. To address
the significant global disease burden of cancer, the pharmaceutical industry
prioritizes and invests in oncology drug development efforts, which creates a
valuable opportunity for sponsors to partner with oncology CROs. Consequently,
the global oncology clinical trials market is thriving and has a promising
outlook for leading oncology CROs that are newly emerging.
The global oncology
clinical trial market reached US$12.98 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow
at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.30% to surpass US$21.65 billion by
2033. The U.S. oncology clinical trial market, valued at US$3.82 billion in
2023, is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.50% to reach US$6.49 billion in 2033.
By the study phase, the Phase I segment had the highest market share (32%) in
2023 and increased emphasis on biomarker-driven approaches, personalized
medicine, and exploring innovative drug combinations.
How Oncology
Clinical Trials Advance Cancer Medication
Oncology clinical
research leading to therapeutic breakthroughs is vital in improving patient
outcomes. Evidence indicates a dramatic rise in survival rates of patients
receiving chemotherapy due to the discovery of more effective chemotherapy
agents and radiotherapy due to significant advancements in technology. The
expansion of oncology clinical trials is facilitated by a supportive regulatory
environment with streamlined approval processes and reduced bureaucratic
hurdles without compromising patient safety. In addition, growing R&D
investment by pharmaceutical companies, biotech firms, and government entities
helps drive oncology clinical trials.
1. Tech
Advancements Impact Effectiveness & Efficiency of Oncology Trials
Technology
advancements, including advanced diagnostic tools and data analysis, refine the
precision of patient categorization and biomarker identification while enabling
real-time monitoring of treatment responses. Examples include:
The application of
artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to extract quantitative information
from digital histopathology images for gynecological cancers and deep learning
(DL) models show promising results in accurately diagnosing, classifying, and
predicting treatment response and prognosis.
DL workflow
predicts upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) protein-based subtypes
associated with targetable alterations directly from routine histopathological
H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) slides.
Use of AI to
enhance global trial recruitment and operations, reach underrepresented
populations, lower costs, and accelerate commercialization.
2. Patient-centric
Trials & Successful Patient Engagement Strategies
With patient
engagement becoming increasingly important in clinical trials, CROs are
committed to utilizing the newest tech solutions to support the oncology
community, sponsors, and physicians in making the right decisions and
supporting a truly patient-centric approach to research. By prioritizing the
patient experience, integrating patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and
leveraging digital health technologies for remote monitoring, patient-centric
trials create significant opportunities for innovation and efficiency:
The benefits of
active patient involvement include improved recruitment strategies and patient
experiences, potentially higher adherence to trial interventions, and more
patient-centered trial outcomes.
PROs in oncology
trials reflect the impact of cancer therapies from the patient's perspective.
They can inform evaluations with evidence that cannot be obtained or deduced
from reports or other biomedical measures. PROs can also support
non-clinicians, e.g., administrators, policymakers, health technology
assessors, and regulators when considering the cost-effectiveness of new
interventions.
Impact on quality
of life—Integrating clinical research into patient care can help patients with
metastatic colorectal cancer benefit from treatments by first gaining a
comprehensive understanding of patient experience and treatment outcomes
through PROs.
3. Oncology
Clinical Trials & Social Value
Oncology clinical
trials and drug development contribute to social value.
An analysis of
pediatric oncology trials revealed that a large proportion of Phase I trials
informed further assessment and development of tested interventions.
Separately, a
recent National Cancer Institute (NCI) analysis found that despite their focus
on safety, Phase I trials of new cancer treatments have more potential for
clinical benefit than commonly believed. Researchers attributed this to
development of modern cancer drugs, such as targeted therapies,
immunotherapies, and new combination therapies.
Beyond advancing
oncology research, clinical trials enhance cancer
awareness and patient education.
4.
Pharmacovigilance to Improve Drug Safety
Researchers find
that the development of pharmacovigilance (PV) and cancer research continues
growing and that the complexity of cancer and its treatment makes PV critical
in oncology. Acquiring relevant clinical safety data is essential to advance
cancer medications. Examples include:
A study on drug
safety in pediatric and young adult patients with hemato-oncological diseases
demonstrated pro-active PV's importance in highlighting adverse drug reactions
(ADRs) and improving drug safety.
An active PV model
for oral anti-cancer drugs was found to play an essential role in the early
detection and improved management of AEs.
The implementation
of a post-marketing PV system, which first required the complex transition from
clinical to the post-approval phase, provided a TFS Healthscience sponsor with
complete oversight of its product’s safety profile and supported the U.S. and
European Union (E.U.) approval of the sponsor’s very first product.
5. Collaborations
to Tackle Research Challenges
Collaborations to
advance cancer research take place at different levels, including collaborative
efforts between industry and regulatory agencies to streamline processes and
expedite the translation of promising interventions from research to clinical practice.
Additionally, the NCI orchestrates programs and initiatives to support the
research community's progress in cancer research.
Researchers also
highlight the role of super collaborations with multiple international groups,
each bringing their unique expertise to maximize knowledge synthesis and
advance innovations in cancer treatment.
The Cancer Research
UK (CRUK)-NCI Cancer Grand Challenges initiative works with the global research
community and people affected by cancer to help identify the most complex
problems affecting cancer research. The final list of challenges is posed to
the research community.
The Cancer Moonshot
initiative, which started in 2016, was renewed by President Biden in 2022. Its
ambitious objective is to reduce the cancer death rate by a minimum of 50% over
25 years. In its first four years, the Cancer Moonshot initiative resulted in
49 clinical trials and more than 30 patent fillings.
Conclusion
Oncology clinical
trials are indispensable in advancing new cancer medications from the lab to
everyday patient care. The rising global cancer burden underlines the pivotal
role of oncology clinical trials in continuously advancing cancer treatment to
address the unmet medical needs of cancer patients. In addition, findings from
oncology clinical trials help steer cancer care toward more effective and
personalized solutions and recommend future research directions.
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